Association Between Menopausal Status and Serum Uric Acid Levels Among Women in Southeast Pontianak

Abstract

Serum uric acid levels are influenced by multiple factors, including hormonal status in women. Menopause, defined as the absence of menstruation for at least 12 consecutive months, is associated with decreased estrogen levels that may reduce renal uric acid excretion. However, local epidemiological data regarding uric acid profiles among menopausal women in Southeast Pontianak remain limited. This study aimed to analyze serum uric acid levels based on menopausal status among women in the working area of Puskesmas Kampung Bangka, Southeast Pontianak. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a purposive sampling technique. From a population of 230 women, 76 respondents met the inclusion criteria. Premenopausal women were defined as those with regular menstruation, while postmenopausal women were defined as those with amenorrhea ≥12 months based on interview data. Serum uric acid levels were measured using a spectrophotometric enzymatic colorimetric method and analyzed descriptively. The results showed that among 43 premenopausal women (56.6%), 97.7% had normal uric acid levels and 2.3% were below normal. Among 33 postmenopausal women, 75.8% had normal levels, 18.2% had elevated levels, and 6.0% were below normal. Elevated uric acid levels were more frequently observed in postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal women. In conclusion, although most respondents had normal serum uric acid levels, postmenopausal women showed a higher proportion of hyperuricemia, suggesting a potential influence of hormonal changes. This study provides important local evidence to support early metabolic risk screening among menopausal women in Southeast Pontianak.